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Objective To optimize the culture and fermentation conditions of the Penicillium aurantiocandidum Z12 strain, a fungal strain with molluscicidal actions against Oncomelania hupensis, so as to provide the basis for the research and development of molluscicidal active substances from the P. aurantiocandidum Z12 strain and its fermentation broth and large-scale fermentation. Methods The carbon source, nitrogen source and mineral salts were identified in the optimal culture medium for the P. aurantiocandidum Z12 strain with a single-factor experiment to determine the best fermentation condition for the P. aurantiocandidum Z12 strain. Factors that significantly affected the growth of the P. aurantiocandidum Z12 strain were identified using the Plackett-Burman design, and the best range of each factor was determined using the steepest climb test. Response surface analyses of temperature, pH value, seeding amount and liquid-filling quantity were performed using the Box-Behnken design to create a regression model for fermentation of the P. aurantiocandidum Z12 strain to identify the optimal culture medium. Results Single-factor experiment preliminarily identified the best culture medium and conditions for the P. aurantiocandidum Z12 strain as follows: sucrose as the carbon source at approximately 20 g/L, tryptone as the nitrogen source at approximately 5 g/L, K2HPO4 as the mineral salt at approximately 5 g/L, initial pH at approximately 8, temperature at approximately 28 °C, seeding amount at approximately 6%, and liquid-filling quantity at approximately 50 mL/100 mL. Plackett-Burman design showed that factors that significantly affected the growth of the P. aurantiocandidum Z12 strain included temperature (t = −5.28, P < 0.05), seeding amount (t = 5.22, P < 0.05), pH (t = −4.30, P < 0.05) and liquid-filling quantity (t = −4.39, P < 0.05). Steepest climb test showed the highest mycelial growth at pH of 7.5, seeding amount of 8%, and liquid-filling quantity of 40 mL/100 mL, and this condition was selected as the central point of response surface analysis for the subsequent optimization of fermentation conditions. Response surface analyses using the Box-Behnken design showed that the optimal conditions for fermentation of the P. aurantiocandidum Z12 strain included sucrose at 15 g/L, tryptone at 5 g/L, K2HPO4 at 5 g/L, temperature at 28.2 °C, pH at 7.5, seeding amount at 10%, and liquid-filling quantity at 35.8 mL/100.0 mL, resulting in 0.132 g yield of the P. aurantiocandidum Z12 strain. Conclusion The optimal culture condition for the P. aurantiocandidum Z12 strain has been identified, and the optimized culture medium and fermentation condition may effectively improve the fermentation yield of the P. aurantiocandidum Z12 strain.
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Objective:To explore the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of emerging snail-infested sites in different environmental types in Yunnan Province.Methods:The data of snail-infested sites in Yunnan Province from 1950 to 2014 (from Yunnan Institute for Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention), were collected and sorted out, a spatial and temporal database on the distribution of emerging snail-infested sites were established, and the changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of emerging snail-infested sites in different environments types (ditches, tangerines, paddy fields, dry land, beaches and other environments) were studied by using spatial autocorrelation analysis and scanning statistics analysis.Results:From 1950 to 2014, the annual number of emerging snail-infested sites in Yunnan Province reached a peak (1 730) in 1955 and then showed a fluctuating downward trend. From 1993 to 2014, the number of emerging snail-infested sites remained below 100, and increased to 160 and 131, respectively, in 2004 and 2013. The longest mean duration of 43.85 years was recorded for the beaches environment for emerging snail-infested sites, followed by the paddy fields environment with a mean duration of 37.01 years, and the shortest mean duration of 20.44 years for the tangerines environment. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there was a positive spatial correlation between the duration of emerging snail-infested sites of different environmental types (global Moran's I ranged from 0.43 to 0.64, P < 0.05). Scanning statistics analysis showed that emerging snail-infested sites of different environmental types had spatial and temporal aggregation ( P < 0.001), with 3- 6 clusters of statistically significant aggregation detected respectively. Conclusion:The emerging snail-infested sites in different environments types in Yunnan Province have spatial and temporal aggregation, and it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and prevention and control of the aggregation areas of different environment types to prevent further spread of the snail.
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Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human Pro urokinase ( rhPro-uk) in treatment of patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction.Methods 90 cases from 2014 to 2015 selected in three hospital diagnosed with STEMI were randomly assigned into experimental group and control group, 45 cases in each test group.Experimental group received rhPro-uk thrombolytic therapy, control group received urokinase thrombolytic therapy, thrombolytic efficacy and incidence of adverse events were observed and compared between two goups.Results After thrombolysis 2 h, ST segment decline ≥50% of patients in experimental group was 80.00%, ST segment completely fall rate was 55.56%, coronary recanalization rate was 77.78%, all significantly higher than that in control group(60.00%, 33.33%, 55.56 %,separately.P<0.05).After thrombolysis 2h, the difference of TIMI grade between two group was significant (Z=-3.198, P<0.05).After thrombolytic therapy, CTn-I, CK-MB peak levels between two groups were not significantly different.The peak time and average time of experimental group were significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05).The incidence of adverse events of experimental group 13.33%, significantly lower than 33.33% in control group(P <0.05).Conclusion Therapeutic effect of rhPro-uk on acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is better than urokinase, and has higher safety.
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OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of Vitamin B6 on efficacy and related indexes of patients with peripartum car-diomyopathy(PPCM). METHODS:64 PPCM patients were randomly divided into control group(32 cases)and observation group (32 cases). Control group received diuretic drugs,angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonist,β-blockers,digitalis,low molecular weight heparin and other conventional treatment. Observation group additionally received Vita-min B6 tablet 50 mg,orally,twice a day. They treated for 2 weeks. Clinical efficacy,serum prolactin(PRL),brain natriuretic pep-tide (BNP),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) before and after treatment,milk back rate and the incidence of ad-verse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:There was no significant difference in the total effective rate in 2 groups (P>0.05). Before treatment,there were no significant differences in PRL,BNP and LVEDD in 2 groups (P>0.05). After treat-ment,PRL,BNP and LVEDD in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,and observation group were lower than control group,with statistical significances (P<0.05). And the milk back rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There were no obvious severe adverse reactions during treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Based on conventional treatment,Vitamin B6 shows similar efficacy and safety with conventional treatment in the treatment of PPCM,though it is superior to conventional treatment in terms of decreasing PRL level,it has high milk back rate.
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In this article, an HPLC method for the contents determination of amino acids in Qihong Maitong injection was reported. In detailed, OPA-Fmoc pre-column derivatization was adopted, and related HPLC methods to determine the contents of amino acids was established. Linear relationship was well constructed for 17 amino acids through the method mentioned above. Briefly speaking, the optimized method was accurate and reproducible, and suitable for the determination of amino acids in Qihong Maitong injection and corresponding quality control.
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This study was aimed to acquire the dynamic changes of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside of honeysuckle at different collecting periods in order to decide the best harvesting time of honeysuckle in Donghai County, Jiangsu Province. The content determination method used in the detection of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside of honeysuckle was from the 2010 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The skills of HPLC fingerprint characteristic features, and the yield of pressed flowers were combined in the evaluation of honeysuckle at the three-green period, two-white pe-riod, great-white period, silver-flower period and the golden-flower period. The results showed that the content of honeysuckle at different blossoming stages had obvious changes in content of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside, as well as the pressed flower quality and yield of the flower. It was concluded that the optimal harvest time of honey-suckle was for the two-white period and the great-white period, which was consistent with the real origin.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of removing bacterial endotoxin in the key processes of Reduning injection.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The content of bacterial endotoxins was detected by kenitic-turbidimetry and the removal efficacy was studied before and after using 0.8% of activated carbon and ultrafiltration with molecular weight cut-off of 10 x 10(3).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The adsorption rate of bacterial endotoxins was 78.7% by using activated carbon, while the removal efficacy of bacterial endotoxins was 99.6% with ultrafiltration membrane at cut-off molecular weight 10 x 10(3).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The key technology can effectively guarantee the safety of Reduning injection.</p>
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Adsorption , Endotoxins , Injections , Pyrogens , UltrafiltrationABSTRACT
Objective To study changes of neuroendocrine in patients with ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) after using distal protection device (GuardWire PlusTM). Method Seventy patients with STEMI received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Municipal Hospital Qingdao, during September 2004 to December 2006. They were randomdy (random numbs) enrolled in this prospective and control study. All the patients were divided into 2 groups: the distal protection device group (GW) and the non-distal protection device group (NGW).The inclusion criteria were:onset within 6 hours, chest pain more than 30 minutes without response to nitroglycerin, two or more adjacent ST segnents elevated over 0.2 mv,the proximal or middle diameter of infarction artery over 3 mm, and the increased plasma creatine kinase. The exclusion criteria were fluctuation in hemodynamics, severe heart failure, arteriopathy of left main coronary artery, mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction and multi-vessel disease scheduled for coronary artery bypass. The plasma levels of endothelin(ET) , plasma renin activity (PRA),aldosterone (ALD),angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ), norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) were measured on the day of operation and on the 1st,2nd,3rd and 5th day after operation, respectively. The t-test was used to compare those neuroendocrine elements between two groups. Results There were no differences in plasma levels of all the neuroendocrine elements between two groups before operation. Compared with the NGW group, the levels of neuroendocrine elements in the plasma rapidly decreased in the GW group at 1 d after the operation ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions In patients with ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction, the distal protection device can decrease the changes in neuroendocrine.
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Objective To study neuroendocrine change and clinical value of percutaneous thrombectomy system(GuardWire PlusTM)in treatment of patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction(STEMI). Methods 72 patients with STEMI underwent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)were divided into A group(38 patients)with direct stent placement after thrombectomy and B group(34 patients) with primary PCI. The plasma levels of ET, PRA, ALD, AngⅡ, NE, E were measured on the day of operation and the first, second, third and fifth days after PCI. Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) was measured by echocardiography at one week and three months after PCI. Results The stents were successfully implanted in two groups. All the neuroendocrine factors have no difference between the two groups before operation. The first and second day after PCI, the levels of ET, PRA, ALD, AngⅡand E were significantly lower in A gronp than those in B group(P 0.05). Conclusions Deteriorated neuroendocrine changes are significantly improved with thrombectomy, providing potential benefits on heart function.
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0.05) none of the 39 cases of small cell type was in the AB blood group